Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zedayi, umthengisi we-Reactive dyeing uqala ukuthetha malunga nedayi ezisebenzayo, idayi esebenzayo yidayi eqhelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Inkcazo yeedayi ezisebenzayo
Ukudaya okusebenzayo: Idayi esebenzayo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yidayi esebenzayo, luhlobo lwedayi edibana neentsinga ngexesha lokudaya.Olu hlobo lwemolekyuli yedayi luqulethe iqela elinokuthi liphendule ngeekhemikhali ngefiber.Ngexesha lokudaya, idayi iphendula kunye nefiber, yenza i-covalent bond phakathi kwezi zibini kunye nokwenza yonke into, ephucula ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba kunye nokuxubha.
Idayi ezisebenzayo zenziwe ngedayi zabazali, amaqela adibanisayo kunye namaqela asebenzayo.I-precursor yedayi ine-azo, i-anthraquinone, i-phthalocyanine isakhiwo, njl.Iimolekyuli zedayi ezisebenzayo ziqulethe amaqela asebenzayo ekhemikhali, anokuthi aphendule ngekotoni, uboya kunye nezinye iifayili kwisisombululo samanzi ukwenza ibhondi eqhelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba ilaphu elidayiweyo eligqityiweyo linokukhawuleza kokuhlamba okuphezulu.
Idayi ezisebenzayo zinyibilika emanzini kwaye zinokudibana ngokudibeneyo kunye neentsinga zeselulosi.Inombala oqaqambileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle komgangatho, inokugquma iziphene ezilukiweyo, kwaye inokukhawuleza kwesepha.Nangona kunjalo, iidayi ezininzi ezisebenzayo azikwazi ukumelana ne-chlorine bleaching kwaye zivakalelwa kwi-acids kunye ne-alkalis.Nika ingqalelo ukukhawuleza kwemozulu xa udaya imibala ekhanyayo.Idayi ezisebenzayo zinokudaya umqhaphu, i-viscose, isilika, uboya, inayiloni kunye nezinye iintsinga.
Ukudaya okuSebenzayo
Ukuhlelwa kweedayi ezisebenzayo
Ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo asebenzayo, iidayi ezisebenzayo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: uhlobo lwe-symmetric triazene kunye nohlobo lwe-vinyl sulfone.
Uhlobo lwe-Symmetric triazene: Kulolu hlobo lwedayi esebenzayo, ubume bekhemikhali ye-athomu yeklorini esebenzayo isebenza ngakumbi.Ngexesha lokudaya, iiathom zeklorine zitshintshwa ziifiber zeselulosi kwindawo yealkaline kwaye zibe ngamaqela ashiyayo.Ukusabela phakathi kwedayi kunye nefiber cellulose yi bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Uhlobo lweVinyl sulfone: Iqela elisebenzayo eliqulethwe kolu hlobo lwedayi esebenzayo yivinyl sulfone (D-SO2CH = CH2) okanye i-β-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfone.Ngexesha lokudaya, i-β-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulphate iyacinywa kwi-alkaline medium ukwenza iqela le-vinyl sulfone, elidityaniswe ne-cellulose fiber kwaye lingene kwi-nucleophilic reaction reaction ukwenza i-covalent bond.
Ezi ntlobo zimbini zingasentla zedayi ezisebenzayo zezona dayi zisebenzayo ezinemveliso enkulu emhlabeni.Ukuze kuphuculwe izinga lokulungisa idayi esebenzayo, amaqela amabini asebenzayo aye afakwa kwiimolekyuli zedayi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezibizwa ngokuba ziidayi ezimbini ezisebenzayo.
Idayi ezisebenzayo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo ngokwamaqela azo asebenzayo:
1. Iidayi zohlobo lwe-X ziqulethe amaqela asebenzayo e-dichloro-s-triazine, eziyidayi ezisebenzayo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, ezifanelekileyo ukudaya iifayibha ze-cellulose kwi-40-50 ℃
2. I-K-type reactive dyes iqulethe iqela elisebenzayo le-monochlorotriazine, eliyi-high-temperature reactive dyes, efanelekileyo yokuprinta kunye ne-pad dyeing ye-cotton fabrics.
3. Uhlobo lwedayi esebenzayo ye-KN iqulethe i-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate reactive group, eyeyedayi yohlobo lobushushu obuphakathi.Iqondo lobushushu lokudaya yi-40-60 ℃, ilungele ukudaya ukudaywa komqhaphu, ukudaya okubandayo, kunye nombala ongasemva woshicilelo oluchasene nedayi;ikwalungele ukudaya impahla yehemp.
4. Iidayi zohlobo lwe-M ziqulathe amaqela amabini asebenzayo kwaye zezohlobo lwedayi ezisebenzayo zobushushu obuphakathi.Ubushushu bokudaya bungama-60 ℃.Ifanelekile kwikotoni kunye nelinen ephakathi kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokuprinta.
5. Uhlobo lwe-KE iidayi ezisebenzayo ziqulathe amaqela aphinda-phindeneyo kwaye zezohlobo oluphezulu lwedayi ezisebenzayo, ezilungele ukudaya umqhaphu kunye namalaphu elinen.Ukukhawuleza kombala
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-24-2020